مجله اللغه العربیه و آدابها
سال پانزدهم شماره 41 (صیف 2019)

Psychologist Maslow attempted to hierarchy motivation of human needs. It consists physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualization. Also, “Sakhrat al-Joulaan” by the Syrian writer, Orsan (b. 1940), Includes all needs. This study aims to pursue levels of need in this novel. These levels are proportional to the evidence in terms of importance, order, sequence, coincidence, and satisfaction. The basis of the paper is to review the evidence obtained by Employing, a descriptive, analytic and qualitative methods with the requirements process. The results are indicative that the hero of the story needs job to meet the physiological needs. He is disappointed with not finding job. And the words of security, death, and defense are fluent in his tongue, and he dies to maintain the security of the homeland. Then the conflict between security and hunger appears. Because the necessity of needs is different for people. The need for love appears in both patriotic and familial directions. And the need to esteem encompasses respect for oneself and others. The three concepts of death, testimony, and heroism of self-actualization. The hero chooses the way of sacrifice. Actually, the need for self-actualization is being investigated, but the four needs are not met.

Contemporary Arabic poetry by the method of narrative texture has been turn as a spectacular method or evolved technique and by ignoring clauses and barriers to old expression was able to provide a new type named texture for arrangement of vocabularies and combinations in a specific frameworks and to achieve a clear structure about the look stylization and poetry's poetic experiences, of course, this texture is created in a narrative structure and it is along with other elements of narrative such as occurrence, personality, time, place, challenge, and language that play a role. But in connection with the poem by Mohammad Afifi Matar, it should be noted that most of his Qasidas have the ability to incorporate various forms of narrative and drama, especially when the poet speaks of current human problems and contemporary challenges, the signs of modernism, such as the attention to the technique of texture in his poem, are further revealed and takes wide mediator dimension to itself. Among his beautiful qasidas is “Separated Steps” which not only in the function of narrative symbols reaches the level of other poems but it can also surpass from the same qasidas for the shine of the texture technique. This essay aims to reveal the effects of this technique, its motives and the beauties in the desired qasida by relying on a descriptive-analytical method in the analysis and evaluation of literary texts.

There is a strong link between literature and society and sociology of literature or social approach to literature is a literary technique meaning the way between literature and society.Social issues has been considered one of the most important concerns of every man committed to his community from the long time.it is also noted one of the main themes of contemporary poetry Abdo –l-sade Albasri is one of the poets who has a special approach against the society and its issues .And community is regarded as foundations in his poetry. This study is based on cross-sectional approach seeks to analysis social poems elements .the poet's attitude to society and also stand s against tyranny.And reviews the impact of colonization, poverty and the consequences of war on people's lives and the role of women in the community. Al-Basri's Social, political and cultural chaotic era and affecting the poet and his reformist thinking are the strong incentives to address the poet to the social issue . He sees the growing trend of society depends on having justice , and social rights.He sees rises against tyranny and criticizes the backwardness and social elements that influence people denounced. The results show that the poet does not live for himself, but dedicated his life to his countrymen and reflects the problems in the society. He wants the obstacles that stands in front of his people . He is the humanism and wants to impede all the obstacles that stands front of his people and hinders progress.

The discussion of persuasion as a rhetorical process, in which the preacher seeks to harness the author to act or leave, by directing him to believe that each of them considers it an adequate or acceptable condition for action or abandonment, necessarily necessitates consideration of the various arguments used by the protester for persuasion or pregnancy To yield. And because the messages of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) material rich in form and content and the integration of the set of relations governing the text are fully consistent with the structure of the text altogether, we chose one of these messages to study the process of persuasion and pilgrims. The study means to look at the total techniques adopted by the imam to protest or refute the idea of trying to convince Muawiya to simplify or induce him to submit to what he is proposing, in order to change his mind and ideas by correcting and reforming. Of linguistic and quasi-logical processes, and then monitor its various mechanisms and methods. Since the message of 28 of the approach of the rhetoric of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) contains multiple mechanisms of persuasion, we dealt with the most important techniques used for the claims of Muawiya and their reluctance, including methods of connection and causal link, and methods of separation, and links of flexor, The field of man, reasoning and weighting taking a descriptive-analytical approach.

Literature or symbolism school is a major schools of contemporary literature. Changes in social systems, political, governmental, ideological transformations writers and communities, influence the reader, forcing the reader to meditate on the meaning concept have caused such writers and playwrights have been to this school, it was intentional writers, including playwrights to this school. Ali Oqla Orsan contemporary dramatist Syrians affected by the school dramas including "Sheikh Va Tariq" (the old man and way) wrote. The drama, which represent the social problems and proposed solutions was the author, contains some symbols, such as "through" (way) that we have on this research seek to decode it.In this drama, Gasser seeks way out of poverty in society. Along the way, he will be faced with different people, each symbol is one of the author's intellectual approaches. Gasser at the end of the track to the conclusion that the only way to end poverty and social injustice victory of the revolution that be achieved in collaboration with of all segments society and unity, decoding the symbol in this study has been made relying on psychological and aesthetic style of literary criticism.

The musical system is the basis of the Verbal Miracle of the Holy Quran one of whose examples can be seen in the Surah “Al-Rahman”. This system puts emphasis on two theories: First, the theory of “Harmony Voice”; in this case, some collections of vowels and onsonants have been referred to. Second, the theory of “Onomatopoeia” which includes the meaning of the phonemes and their role in the definition of the verses. This relationship between the phonemes and the definitions has not happened accidentally, but it is meaningful and predetermined. The musical system creates two other systems: “the Rhythmic System” and “the Quranic Distance”.

The harsh reality of Egypt during the three decades under Mubarak caused the Egyptian people to resist and created anger and rebellion in the Egyptian people and increased the revolutionary movement to destabilize the regime. This was clearly reflected in the literature, and especially the literature of Abdul Rahman Yusuf al-Qaradawi (1970). And his literature had a significant contribution to the creation and support of the revolution. Abdul Rahman put his poetry experience and literary outlook to spread the spirit of resistance to the people. The resistance movement in his poems has three main dimensions, political, economic dimensions. This article, using descriptive-analytical method, has tried to analyze some of these two dimensions and its most important aspects in the poems of Abdul Rahman Khalal. These include political resistance, which revealed itself through issues such as national pride and the call for a revolution against domination and hope for a better future. Economic resistance, which revealed itself in the identification of the country's plunder and the destruction of its wealth, poverty and economic inequality, unemployment.The study also focuses on the subject in a technical and aesthetic manner and focuses on the linguistic and semantic aspects that the poet addresses in provoking people to resist. And the result of the research shows that the poet tends to use the normal structure in his poems so that there is no distant or difficult picture in his literary text.